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Swaraj Archive

1847–1947

Timeline

Filter by era or theme. Select an event to read its causes, consequences and sources.

1905–1915

Swadeshi & Extremists

Bengal's partition sparks boycott, mass protest and a sharper nationalism.

  1. 16 October 1905

    Partition of Bengal

    Lord Curzon split Bengal, officially for administration but widely seen as an attempt to divide Hindus and Muslims and weaken Bengali nationalism.

    political · regional · economic

  2. 1906–1909

    Muslim League and Morley-Minto Reforms

    The All-India Muslim League was founded at Dhaka in 1906. The Indian Councils Act 1909 then gave Muslims separate electorates.

    political · social

  3. December 1907

    Surat Split

    At its Surat session, the Congress split between Moderates, who wanted gradual reform, and Extremists, who demanded Swaraj through boycott and mass action.

    political

  4. 1916

    Lucknow Pact and Home Rule Leagues

    Tilak and Annie Besant launched Home Rule Leagues to demand self-government. The same year Congress reunited and signed the Lucknow Pact with the Muslim League.

    political